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Personal Safety Tips For:

• Fire Safety

  
  

  By being prepared, you're taking pro-active steps that can help prevent loss of life or loss of possessions by fire.
  
  SMOKE ALARMS SAVE LIVES! -

  • Remember that smoke alarms should be installed outside all sleeping areas and on each level of the home.
  • Check each smoke alarm monthly, and replace batteries as needed. All batteries should be replaced once a year.
  • Keep smoke alarms clean and free of dust or cobwebs.
  • A smoke alarm should be replaced every 10 years as it loses sensitivity over time.
    
    Plan escape routes well in advance:
  • Determine at least two ways of escape from each room of the house.
  • Escape ladders are helpful for sleeping areas on the second or third floors. Learn how to use them and store them near a window.
  • Select a designated location outside your home where all family members will meet after escaping.
  • Practice your plan at least two times per year.
    
    Your exit strategy:
  • Call the fire department from a neighbor's home. The first step is escaping the house; don't return once you've made it out!
  • If you see smoke or fire in your first escape route, use your second way out. If you must exit through smoke, crawl low under the smoke to your exit.
  • If you must exit through a closed door, feel the door before opening it. If it is warm, use your alternate way out.
  • If smoke, heat, or flames block your exit routes, stay in the room with the door closed. Signal for help using a bright-colored cloth at the window. If there is a telephone in the room, call the fire department and tell them where you are.
    
    
• Play It Safe In Your Kitchen

  
  Each year, thousands of people are treated in hospital emergency rooms as a result of injuries in the kitchen. Most minor injuries are not reported, making kitchen safety an important issue. Because we spend so much time in the kitchen, we often overlook potential dangers, and our fast-paced lifestyles can compound the problem. We recommend slowing down to help prevent injury.
  
  Here are some tips:

  • Purchase a fire extinguisher, and keep it in an accessible area.
  • Use a blunt instrument when prying apart frozen foods. Knives can easily cut you if they slip.
  • Look for sharp objects when removing dishes from the sink or dishwasher.
  • Set pots on the back of the stove and turn handles in so children can’t reach them.
  • Carry plastic garbage bags away from your body. If the bag brushes your body, any glass inside may cut you.
  • Avoid mixing kitchen cleaners, as deadly fumes may result.
  • Touch and stir food from the microwave before serving it to ensure it isn't too hot.
  • Read and follow the instructions on all appliances and food products.
  • Don't overload circuits by plugging in too many electric appliances.
  • Educate your children on basic kitchen safety.
  
  
  
• Propane Grill Safety

  
  

  Have fun and stay safe this summer!
  
  Grilling in America is hotter than ever. Four out of five U.S. families now own a grill, and most people barbecue at least once a week during the summer. Before grilling begins, homeowners are encouraged to follow some simple grilling safety tips to help make every barbecue is a hit.
  
  Grilling Safety Tips

  • Always follow grill manufacturer's instructions and keep written materials accessible.
  • When lighting a grill, keep the top open.
  • Always use or store cylinders outdoors in an upright (vertical) position.
  • When the cylinder is refilled, have the supplier check for dents, damage, rust, or leaks.
  • Before connecting or lighting a propane gas grill burner, use a leak detection solution to check connections for tightness. Do not use matches or lighters to check for leaks.
  • After filling or exchanging a cylinder, take it home immediately. Keep the vehicle ventilated and the cylinder valve closed and capped.
  • Do not allow children to tamper with the cylinder or grill.
  • Do not smoke while handling a propane cylinder.
  • Do not use, store, or transport cylinders near high temperatures (this includes storing spare cylinders near the grill).
  • When a grill is not in use, cover disconnected hose-end fittings with plastic bags or protective caps to keep them clean.
  • If there is an uncontrollable release of gas, call the fire department. Propane grills are equipped with convenient on/off switches, allowing grills to heat up and cool down more quickly than charcoal, and without the messy clean up. Propane is also clean burning. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, propane releases 105 times less carbon monoxide than charcoal. Propane makes grilling easy. Propane grills are ready to use in an instant and require very little cleanup time, so you can spend more time enjoying your barbecue.
    
    
• Power Tool Safety

  
  

  Power tools can help make your project go more quickly and smoothly. Power tools can also make a project more dangerous. Always use the right tool for the job. Using the wrong tool can add to your risk of injury.
  
  Below are some ways to protect yourself when using power tools:

  • Become familiar with the tool before using it. Read the manufacturer's instructions carefully before using the tool.
  • Keep power tools properly stored and in good condition.
  • Provide adequate lighting for yourself, as it is important that you see what you are working on.
  • Practice good housekeeping. Keeping the area you work in clean not only keeps your tools working properly, but also helps you to find blades and other small parts that you may drop.
  • Dress properly and wear the right personal protective equipment. Never wear rings, hanging jewelry or loose clothing when operating a power tool.
  • Wear safety glasses or goggles to protect your eyes from flying particles.
  • Electrical tools should be "double-insulated" by three wire cords with the ground wire connected, and/or by use of a ground fault circuit interrupter. Avoid working with electrical power tools in damp or wet areas.
  • Never carry power tools by the cord. Also, never unplug a power tool by pulling on the cord. Cracked, frayed, or damaged cords can cause serious shock or electrocution. Replace the cord immediately.
  • Always turn off the tool and unplug it before changing accessories or cleaning and repairing it.
  • Never carry a plugged-in tool with your finger on the trigger or switch button.
    
    What is the most important safety rule of all? Read the safety manual that is included with the tool. It contains all product-specific safety information as well as general safety tips the user needs to know.
    
    
• Proper Use of Ladders

  
  

  There are many different types of ladders available. They can be made of wood, metal, or fiberglass. No matter type you use, or what you use it for, safety precautions should always be considered. A fall from a ladder, even at a low height, can be painful, and possibly cause a disabling injury.
  
  Basic safety steps that should be considered before climbing or using any ladder:

  • Chose the proper ladder for the type of work to be done.
  • Make certain the ladder is able to carry the amount of weight that will be applied.
  • All ladders must be on a solid, level surface.
  • Make sure the ladder is in good condition before using it.
    
    Step Ladders
  • Place the stepladder on a level and solid surface.
  • Make certain the spreader is locked in place prior to climbing the ladder. (Most household ladders have aload capacity of 200 lbs.)
  • Do not stand on the top platform or top step.
  • Never use the bucket support as a step.
    
    Straight And Extension Ladders
  • Face the ladder when climbing up or down, and use two hands.
  • Keep your body centered between the rails of the ladder.
  • Make sure the soles of your shoes or work boots are dry and clean.
  • For every four feet of rise, the base of the ladder should be one foot away from the object that the top of the ladder is resting. (if you are going up 12 feet, the base of the ladder should be 3 feet from object it is leaning on)
  • Only one person on a ladder at a time. Be very careful if using a metal ladder around electrical wires.
  • A good rule is to never stand on the top three rungs of a straight or extension ladder.
  • If using a metal ladder, there should be safety feet attached. -Never use these ladders in a strong wind.
    
    Storage
  • Ladders should always be stored in sheltered areas.
  • Straight and extension ladders should always be stored horizontally on racks or hooks. The support points are at the top, middle, and bottom, to prevent sagging and warping.
  • Store stepladders in the closed position. Hang them properly, or lean them on a solid surface at an angle to prevent them from falling.
    
    And remember... Always inspect the ladder before each use. Never used a damaged ladder. If there is major damage, discard the ladder.
    
    
• Hot Weather Tips to Help You Keep Your Cool

  
  

  If a heat wave is forecast or happening:

  • Avoid strenuous activity. If you must do strenuous activity, do it during the coolest part of the day.
  • Stay indoors as much as possible. If air conditioning is not available, stay on the lowest floor, out of the sunshine. Remember, electric fans do not cool the air, but they do help sweat evaporate, which cools your body.
  • Wear lightweight, light-colored clothing.
  • Drink plenty of water regularly and often. Your body needs water to keep cool. Water is the safest liquid to drink during heat emergencies. Avoid drinks with alcohol or caffeine; this is especially true of beer, which dehydrates the body.
    
    Symptoms of heat emergencies:
  • Heat exhaustion: Cool, moist, pale, or flushed skin; heavy sweating; headache; nausea or vomiting; dizziness; and exhaustion. Body temperature will be near normal.
  • Heat stroke: Hot, red skin; changes in consciousness; rapid, weak pulse; and rapid, shallow breathing. Body temperature can be very high—as high as 105 degrees F. If the person was sweating from heavy work or exercise, skin may be wet; otherwise, it will feel dry.
    
    Treatment of heat emergencies:
  • Heat exhaustion: Get the person out of the heat and into a cooler place. Remove or loosen tight clothing and apply cool, wet cloths, such as towels or sheets. If the person is conscious, give cool water to drink. Give a half glass of cool water every 15 minutes. Do not give liquids that contain alcohol or caffeine. Let the victim rest in a comfortable position, and watch carefully for changes in his or her condition.
  • Heat stroke: Heat stroke is a life-threatening situation. Help is needed fast. Call 9-1-1 and move the person to a cooler place. Immerse victim in a cool bath, or wrap wet sheets around the body and fan it. Watch for signals of breathing problems. Keep the person lying down and continue to cool the body any way you can. If the victim refuses water or is vomiting or there are changes in the level of consciousness, do not give anything to eat or drink.
    
    Hot weather terms to know
  • Heat wave: Prolonged period of excessive heat and humidity.
  • Heat index: A number in degrees Fahrenheit (F) that tells how hot it really feels when relative humidity is factored into the actual air temperature. Exposure to full sunshine can increase the heat index by 15 degrees F.
  • Heat exhaustion: Heat exhaustion typically occurs when people exercise heavily or work in a hot, humid place where body fluids are lost through heavy sweating. Blood flow to the skin increases, causing blood flow to decrease to the vital organs, which results in a form of mild shock. If not treated, the victim may suffer heat stroke.
  • Heat stroke/sunstroke: Heat stroke is life-threatening. The body temperature can rise so high that brain damage and death may result if the body is not cooled quickly.
    
    
• Prevent Losses on The Road

  
  

  • If employees drive your vehicles, or drive their own in the course of work, have your agent check their driving record.
  • If your employees drive their own vehicles in the course of work, verify their insurance coverage and make sure their limits are equal to your insurance.
  • Provide written driving safety rules to anyone who operates a vehicle.
  • Have procedures for reporting and investigating accidents.
  • Develop written preventative maintenance procedures for all vehicles and equipment.
    
    Vehicle Safety
  • Only designated employees should operate company vehicles.
  • Driver's license numbers must be provided and are subject to periodic record checks.
  • A revoked or suspended license must be reported to a supervisor.
  • Drivers must adhere to all laws and regulations pertaining to the use of the specific type of vehicle they are operating, including requirements for special licenses or permits.
  • Accidents of any nature or severity must be reported immediately to a supervisor.
  • Tickets for any violation must be reported to a supervisor. The driver is personally responsible for any fines or penalties resulting from the manner in which they operate the vehicle.
  • Drivers are responsible for inspecting and verifying the safe operating condition of their vehicle at the beginning and end of each workday.
  • Unsafe vehicle conditions must be reported to a supervisor.
  • All speed limits and traffic laws must be obeyed. Speed should be reduced as road conditions warrant (rain, snow, construction, etc.).
  • All lane changes must be signaled. Flashers should be used when stopped on a roadway or when traveling well below the posted speed limit.
  • Courteous behavior should be maintained at all times
  
  
  
• You Hold the Key to a Safe Party

  
  The perfect ending to any gathering is a safe trip home for all of your guests. Your responsibilities as host do not end when your guests walk out the door. If an intoxicated guest injures someone on the way home, you could be held legally responsible.
  
  Tips to prevent intoxication:

  • Serve plenty of non-alcoholic beverages.
  • Do not force alcohol on your guests. Do not rush to refill empty glasses.
  • Always serve food with alcohol. Pizza, bread, cheese, crackers, meat and other high-protein, high-carbohydrate snacks are good choices.
  • Limit salty or greasy snacks that may make guests thirsty.
  • Plan party activities; do not make drinking the focus of the gathering.
  • Stop serving alcohol several hours before the party ends.
    
    The key to responsibility...
    Even the best plans fail, so be able to identify and deal with an intoxicated guest.
  • Watch for anyone who is unusually talkative, giddy, sleepy or uncoordinated.
  • For intoxicated guests, arrange a safe ride home with a friend or in a taxi.
  • Be prepared to stand your ground to prevent guests from driving home drunk. Insist your guests stay at your home rather than drive while under the influence of alcohol.
  • Do not allow anyone to drink and drive. As a host, you may be held liable for their
  
  
  
• Going On Vacation

  
  

  Don't leave your house out in the cold!
  
  A great winter vacation can be ruined by returning home to damage caused by severe winter weather. By following a few simple tips, you can enjoy your vacation, knowing that your home is safe from old man winter!
  
  Extended periods of freezing weather can cause hundreds of dollars worth of damage to unoccupied homes.
  
  Water pipes are especially vulnerable to damage during cold weather. Water pipes can freeze and burst. Pipes that are most vulnerable are located in attics, crawl spaces and outside walls. There are several simple precautions homeowners can take to reduce the chances of these pipes freezing.

  • Pipes that are accessible can be fitted with foam or fiberglass insulation sleeves, or wrapping. The thicker the insulation the better. It's important not to leave any gaps in the insulation that expose the pipe to cold air.
  • All cracks and openings in outside walls and foundations near water pipes should be sealed with caulking. If these openings have been sealed already, check them again, as caulking can crumble with age and let in cold air.
  • Keep kitchen and bath pipes exposed to warm air from your heating system by keeping cabinet doors open during periods of extreme cold.
  • If you have a crawl space, make sure the outside air vents underneath the flooring are closed.
  • If you return home and suspect a pipe is frozen, turn on all faucets. If a pipe has already burst, turn off the water at the main shut-off valve and call a professional plumber immediately. (Keep your faucets open until the pipe is repaired.) Never try to thaw a frozen pipe with a torch or other open flame.
    
    Setting Your Thermostat
  • Turning your home heat too far down can cost far more than you might save on your heating bill. While 50 degrees may seem like a sufficient temperature setting, the outside walls will remain substantially colder. Keeping your house at a normal night time thermostat setting is a good rule of thumb for short vacations.
    
    
• Is Your Home Prepared For Vacation?

  
  Home burglaries cost consumers billions of dollars each year. These invasions of private homes traumatize thousands of families. Thieves target homes temporarily unoccupied while the owners are enjoying their vacation.
  
  Before you leave for vacation, take every possible step to see that your home appears occupied.

  • Lock all doors and windows. This sounds basic, but is too often overlooked. Be sure to lock the garage door and disconnect your garage door opener.
  • Keep up driveway activity. Ask a neighbor to park in your driveway.
  • Be sure mail and newspaper deliveries are handled. You can stop deliveries or have a neighbor collect them for you.
  • Do not announce your absence on your answering machine. Thieves sometimes call to see if a house is empty.
  • Keep up the outside appearance of your home. If you take an extended trip, arrange to have grass cut or snow shoveled.
  • Use automatic timers. Set them to turn lights off and on.
  • Notify the police of your absence.
    
    The police will usually do occasional drive-bys to check your home. While none of these suggestions can guarantee the safety of your home, they are proven deterrents against home burglaries.
  
  
  
• Safe Driving

  
  A motor vehicle death occurs on average once every 12 minutes and an injury every 14 seconds according to the National Safety Council.
  
  Follow these tips for added safety:

  • Any time weather conditions require you to use wipers, visibility is cut tremendously, even in daylight. You can instantly increase your visibility to others by turning on your headlights.
  • Check your tires for wear and proper air pressure.
  • Never drink and drive. According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, alcohol was present in 41 percent of fatally injured passenger vehicle drivers in 2002.
  • Drive courteously. Yield right of way whenever there is a question.
  • Equip your car with basic safety tools including flashlight, first aid kit and flares or warning lights.
  • Drive defensively.
  • Be sure all passengers wear seat belts. Air bags were not designed to eliminate seat belts. They complement each other. Seat belts are very important in side-impact and rear-end collisions and also keep you from being ejected from the car. Studies have shown that the combination of an air bag and seat belt reduces the likelihood of serious injury by more than 50 percent.
  
  
  
• Teenage Drivers--Staying Safe on the Road

  
  

  • Refrain from using drugs or alcohol when getting behind the wheel of a car.
  • Make sure that every passenger in your vehicle wears a seat belt. Don't drive until everyone has buckled up.
  • Be aware of other drivers around you. Be prepared by driving defensively and anticipating what other drivers will do.
  • Concentrate on your driving. Keep distractions such as the radio, cell phones or other passengers to a minimum.
    
    Ways you can keep your insurance premium costs down:
  • Obey all traffic laws. Getting a ticket can increase the payments you make on your insurance.
  • Avoid situations that may lead to accidents. Involvement in just one accident increases the cost of your insurance.
  • Choose higher physical damage coverage deductibles.
  • Drive a standard vehicle. Sports cars and other high performance vehicles mean higher insurance costs.
  
  
  
• Preventing Auto Thefts

  
  

  • According to the National Insurance Crime Bureau, an auto theft occurs about every 20 seconds in the United States. That's over 1.2 million vehicles each year.
  • Always lock your car and take the keys.
  • Turn your wheels sharply when you park. This discourages thieves from towing your car.
  • Always park your car in a well-lighted area.
  • Use a garage if you have one.
  • Keep valuables out of sight. Items left in plain sight give people a reason to break in.
  • Consider an anti-theft device for your car. It discourages a potential thief and saves you money by allowing a premium credit on your auto insurance.
  
  
  
• Jet Skis, Waverunners and Wet Bikes

  
  Jet skis, waverunners and wet bikes are fast, fun and inexpensive. As the popularity of those personal watercraft increases, accidents are occurring at an alarming rate. Each owner can and must take steps to make their personal watercraft experience safe and enjoyable.
  
  Know the law. Before you take your personal watercraft into the water, get to know the boating laws and requirements in your area. Many states prohibit wake jumping, weaving through congested traffic and high-speed operation within a specified distance of shore, swimmers or moored vessels. Drivers and any passengers must wear proper flotation jackets. Inexperience = trouble. Half of all personal watercraft accidents involve operators with fewer than 20 hours of experience. Thirty-five percent involve riders under the age of 21. Reduce your risk:

  • Improve operating skills by completing a Coast Guard Auxiliary course.
  • New riders should use personal watercraft in open areas with little traffic.
  • Personal watercraft that could exceed 40 mph may be more difficult for novice operators. Select a personal watercraft that is suited to your ability.
  • Review the owner's manual carefully. Most manufacturers take a proactive position on safety.
  • Know where your personal watercraft is and who's operating it at all times. Do not lend your personal watercraft. This puts you at tremendous financial risk.
  
  
  
• Thunder Storm Safety Tips

  
  
  The first rule for any emergency preparation is to have a family disaster plan and an emergency kit. Keep insurance policies, documents, and other valuables in a safe-deposit box. Each home should have a disaster kit for any emergency, including:

  • First aid kit and essential medications.
  • Canned food and can opener.
  • At least three gallons of water per person (one gallon per day), and a similar supply for pets.
  • Protective clothing, rainwear, and bedding or sleeping bags.
  • A battery-powered radio, flashlight, and extra batteries. Hand-crank radios can also be used in times of emergency. NEVER use candles!
  • Special items for infants, the elderly, and disabled family members.
    
    If a storm is predicted:
  • Keep an eye on the sky. Look for dark clouds, flashes of light, or increasing wind.
  • Listen for the sound of thunder. If you can hear thunder, you are close enough to the storm to be struck by lightning. Go to safe shelter immediately.
  • Listen to NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Weather Radio, commercial radio, or television for updated weather forecasts.
    
    For an approaching storm:
  • Find shelter in a building or car. Keep car windows closed and avoid convertibles.
  • Telephone lines and metal pipes can conduct electricity. Unplug appliances. Avoid using the telephone or any electrical appliances.
  • Avoid taking a bath or shower, or running water for any other purpose.
  • Turn off the air conditioner. Power surges from lightning can overload the compressor.
    
    If you're caught outside:
  • Go to a low-lying, open place away from trees, poles, or metal objects. Make sure the place you pick is not subject to flooding.
  • Squat low to the ground. Place your hands on your knees with your head between them. Make yourself the smallest target possible.
  • Do not lie flat on the ground--this will make you a larger target!
    
    If someone is injured or struck by lightning:
  • People struck by lightning carry no electrical charge and can be handled safely.
  • Call for help. Get someone to call 9-1-1.
  • The injured person has received an electrical shock and may be burned, both where they were struck and where the electricity left their body. Check for burns. Being struck by lightning can also cause nervous system damage, broken bones, and loss of hearing or eyesight.
  • Give first aid. If breathing has stopped, begin rescue breathing. If the heart has stopped beating, a trained person should give CPR. If the person has a pulse and is breathing, look and care for other possible injuries.
    
    
• Tornado Safety Tips

  
  
  Tornadoes are unpredictable and often-deadly storms. Planning ahead can make this frightening situation a little easier to handle.
  
  Each home should have a disaster kit for any emergency, including:

  • First aid kit and essential medications.
  • Canned food and can opener.
  • At least three gallons of water per person (one gallon per day), and a similar supply for pets.
  • Protective clothing, rainwear, and bedding or sleeping bags.
  • A battery-powered radio, flashlight, and extra batteries. Hand-crank radios can also be used in times of emergency. NEVER use candles!
  • Special items for infants, the elderly, and disabled family members. Identify where you could go if told to evacuate, having several places in mind to prepare for different outcomes. Think of different motels, shelters or family/friends in unaffected areas.
    
    Prepare a home tornado plan:
  • Pick a place for family members to gather if a tornado is headed your way. It could be your basement or, if there is no basement, a center hallway, bathroom, or closet on the lowest floor. Keep this place uncluttered.
  • If you are in a high-rise building, you may not have enough time to go to the lowest floor. Pick a place in a hallway in the center of the building.
    
    Stay tuned for storm warnings:
  • Listen to your local radio and TV stations for updated storm information.
  • Know what a tornado WATCH and WARNING means:
  • A tornado WATCH means a tornado is possible in your area.
  • A tornado WARNING means a tornado has been spotted and may be headed for your area. Go to safety immediately.
    
    If a tornado WATCH is issued:
  • Listen to local radio and TV stations for further updates.
  • Be alert to changing weather conditions. Blowing debris or the sound of an approaching tornado may alert you. Many people say it sounds like a freight train.
    
    If a tornado WARNING is issued:
  • If you are inside, go to the safe place you picked to protect yourself from glass and other flying objects. The tornado may be approaching your area.
  • If you are outside, hurry to the basement of a nearby sturdy building or lie flat in a ditch or low-lying area.
  • If you are in a car or mobile home, get out immediately and head for safety (as above).
    
    
• Winter Driving Safety

  
  

  Perhaps the deadliest danger of all is "black ice." Black ice is ice which forms on a roadway, usually due to snow melting and re-freezing. Since it is almost invisible, drivers fail to recognize black ice conditions and may drive at normal speeds, often resulting in very serious accidents. Always be alert to the possibility of black ice when temperatures are near or below freezing. Pavement that looks dry but appears darker in color and dull looking should alert you to the presence of black ice.

  • Before you start out, make sure all ice and snow is removed from all the car windows. Be sure to clear off any snow accumulated on the hood and front fenders. This can make it hard to judge distance.
  • Make sure your battery is up to snuff. Two things to remember about batteries: first, the battery that started your car easily in the summer may not have enough oomph to do it in winter, when oil isn't as fluid as it was last July. And secondly, batteries lose power as the temperature drops. So, not only do you need more power to start the car in winter, you also get less power from the same battery.
  • Make sure the antifreeze for your cooling system will protect your car to the winter temperatures you'll experience in your area. For most areas, you will need a 50 - 50 mix of coolant to water. If your coolant hasn't been changed in several years, get the cooling system flushed, and add new coolant.
  • Make sure your windshield wipers are in good shape. Consider changing to winter blades, which are made for driving in the snow.
  • See that your windshield washer reservoir is full. On a snowy or messy day, you can easily go through half a gallon of fluid trying to keep your windshield clear. It's a good idea to keep an extra gallon in the trunk in case you run out.
  • Make sure your rear window defroster works.
  • Tires should be in good condition. Traction is reduced with old, worn tires. Consider installing snow tires during the winter season.
  • Keep your gas tank as close to full as possible, for a couple of reasons. In winter, if you do get stuck or stranded, the engine will be your only source of heat. (make sure you keep a window open a crack if you're sitting there with the engine running) The other reason is that warm daytime temperatures will fill the empty space in the tank with moisture, which will condensate during the cold night. This water will sink to the bottom and sooner or later, rust out your tank, and effect gasoline performance.
  • Know your car. Every car has different handling characteristics. You should know what your car can and cannot do in the snow. You should know if it has antilock brakes and traction control, how they work, and how they help. In fact, you should practice using these features in an empty parking lot before you use them on the roads.
    
    Have some basic supplies in your car in case you do get stuck.
  • Small shovel to help dig out and a bag of sand to help with traction.
  • Blanket, extra clothes, boots, gloves
  • Flashlight with batteries; matches and candles. Candles will provide enough warmth to keep you from freezing.
  • Booster cables
  • Brightly colored cloth to use as a flag
  • Books, cards, games to keep you occupied until help arrives.
    
    If you are trapped in your car during a blizzard or major storm:
  • Stay in the car. Do not leave the car to search for assistance unless help is visible within 100 yards. You may become disoriented and lost in blowing and drifting snow. Other vehicles may also strike you.
  • Beware of carbon monoxide poisoning. Keep the exhaust pipe clear of snow, and open a downwind window slightly for ventilation.
  • Do minor exercises to keep up circulation. Clap hands and move arms and legs occasionally. Try not to stay in one position for too long.
  • Display a trouble sign if you have one.
  • Don't accept rides from strangers. Ask them to call for help for you.
  • Avoid overexertion.
    
    Watch for signs of frostbite and hypothermia.
    Frostbite is a severe reaction to cold exposure that can permanently damage its victims. A loss of feeling and a white or pale appearance in fingers, toes, or nose and ear lobes are symptoms of frostbite. Hypothermia is a condition brought on when the body temperature drops to less than 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Symptoms of hypothermia include uncontrollable shivering, slow speech, memory lapses, frequent stumbling, drowsiness, and exhaustion. If frostbite or hypothermia is suspected, begin warming the person slowly and seek immediate medical assistance. Warm the person's trunk first. Arms and legs should be warmed last because stimulation of the limbs can drive cold blood toward the heart and lead to heart failure. Put the person in dry clothing and wrap their entire body in a blanket. Never give a frostbite or hypothermia victim something with caffeine in it (like coffee or tea) or alcohol. Caffeine, a stimulant, can cause the heart to beat faster and hasten the effects the cold has on the body. Alcohol, a depressant, can slow the heart and also hasten ill effects on cold body temperatures.
    
    Winter storm watches and warnings
    A winter storm watch indicates that severe winter weather may affect your area. A winter storm warning indicates that severe winter weather conditions are definitely on the way. Most of us have to drive in winter weather. Remember to increase your following distance, slow down, be patient, stay alert, and keep your car in good condition. Allow additional time to reach your destination. Following the above advice will make winter driving safer, less hectic, and reduce anxiety.
    
    
• Winter Storm Safety Tips

  
  
  Make sure you and your family are prepared for winter emergencies. By starting ahead of time, your preparations will have you safe and comfortable in almost any winter situation!
  
  Assemble a home disaster kit for winter emergencies:

  • First aid kit and essential medications, including for those with special needs, such as babies, the elderly, and the disabled.
  • Battery-powered NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Weather radio, flashlight, and extra batteries.
  • Canned food and can opener. High energy food, such as dried fruit or candy, and food requiring no cooking or refrigeration is best. And don’t forget the pets!
  • Bottled water (at least one gallon of water per person per day to last at least 3 days), as well as an adequate supply for pets.
  • Extra warm clothing, including boots, mittens, and a hat, and extra blankets.
  • Heating fuel. Fuel carriers may not reach you for days after a severe winter storm.
  • Emergency heating source, such as a fireplace, wood stove, space heater, etc.
  • Learn to use properly to prevent a fire, make sure you have proper ventilation.
    
    If a winter storm warning is issued:
  • Stay indoors.
  • If you must go outside, several layers of lightweight clothing will keep you warmer than a single heavy coat. Gloves (or mittens) and a hat will prevent loss of body heat. Cover your mouth to protect your lungs.
  • Understand the hazards of wind chill, which combines the cooling effect of wind and cold temperatures on exposed skin.
  • As the wind increases, heat is carried away from a person's body at an accelerated rate, driving down the body temperature.
  • After the storm, if you shovel snow, be extremely careful. It is physically strenuous work, so take frequent breaks. Avoid overexertion.
    
    Assemble an emergency kit for your car/truck:
  • Blankets/sleeping bags -Flashlight with extra batteries
  • First-aid kit
  • High-calorie, non-perishable food; a small can and water-proof matches to melt snow for drinking water
  • Extra clothing to keep dry and warm
  • A large empty can and plastic cover with tissues and paper towels for sanitary purposes
  • Windshield scraper and brush; bag of sand (or cat litter); shovel
  • Tool kit
  • Tow rope, booster cables
  • Compass and road maps
  • Keep your gas tank near full to avoid ice in the tank and fuel lines.
    
    If you get stuck in your car:
  • Stay with your car. Do not try to walk to safety.
  • Tie a brightly colored cloth (preferably red) to the antenna for rescuers to see.
  • Start your car and run it for about 10 minutes per hour, then shut it off. This will allow you to run the heater as well as ensuring that it will still start. The last thing you want to do is run out of gas, so keep a close eye on the needle. Keep the exhaust pipe clear so fumes won't back up in the car.
  • Leave the overhead light on when the engine is running so that you can be seen.
  • As you sit, keep moving your arms and legs to keep blood circulating and to stay warm.
  • Keep one window away from the blowing wind slightly open to let in air.
    
    Winter precipitation definitions to know:
  • Flurries - Light snow falling for short durations. No accumulation or light dusting is all that is expected.
  • Showers - Snow falling at varying intensities for brief periods of time. Some accumulation is possible.
  • Squalls - Brief, intense snow showers accompanied by strong, gusty winds. Accumulation may be significant. Snow squalls are best known in the Great Lakes region.
  • Blowing snow - Wind-driven snow that reduces visibility and causes significant drifting. Blowing snow may be snow that is falling and/or loose snow on the ground picked up by the wind.
  • Blizzard - Winds over 35 mph with snow and blowing snow reducing visibility to near zero.
  • Sleet - Rain drops that freeze into ice pellets before reaching the ground. Sleet usually bounces when hitting a surface and does not stick to objects. However, it can accumulate like snow and cause a hazard to motorists.
  • Freezing rain - Rain that falls onto a surface with a temperature below freezing. This causes it to freeze to surfaces, such as trees, cars, and roads, forming a coating or glaze of ice. Even small accumulations of ice can cause a significant hazard.
    
    Dangers to be aware of in cold weather:
  • Frostbite - Frostbite is damage to body tissue caused by that tissue being frozen. Frostbite causes a loss of feeling and a white or pale appearance in extremities, such as fingers, toes, ear lobes, or the tip of the nose. If symptoms are detected, get medical help immediately! If you must wait for help, slowly rewarm affected areas. However, if the person is also showing signs of hypothermia, warm the body core before the extremities.
  • Hypothermia (Low body temperature) Warning signs - Uncontrollable shivering, memory loss, disorientation, incoherence, slurred speech, drowsiness, and apparent exhaustion. Detection - Take the person's temperature. If it is below 95 degrees F, immediately seek medical attention. If medical care is not available, begin warming the person slowly. Warm the body core first. Get the person into dry clothing, and wrap them in a warm blanket covering the head and neck. Do not give the person alcohol, coffee, drugs or any hot beverage or food; warm broth is better. Do not warm extremities (arms and legs) first! This drives the cold blood toward the heart and can lead to heart failure.
  • Wind chill - The wind chill is based on the rate of heat loss from exposed skin caused by combined effects of wind and cold. As the wind increases, heat is carried away from the body at an accelerated rate, driving down the body temperature. Animals are also affected by wind chill.
    
    

Safety Tips For Your Business

• Protect Your Property

  
  Are the goods you sell small in size, high in value, in great demand and easily sold on the streets? Do you keep large amounts of cash on premises? If so, you could be a target for a theft.
  
  Reduce the chances of becoming a victim to theft from outsiders or employees:

  • Secure all doors with deadbolt locks and all windows with tamperproof locks.
  • Maintain well-lit, fenced premises.
  • Make bank deposits frequently and avoid predictable patterns by staggering the days and times and varying the routes.
  • Display small, expensive items in locked glass display cases.
  • Implement employment screening practices and thoroughly check references.
  • Make frequent deposits of cash in a fire-resistant safe on premises.
  • Establish control procedures and have more than one person handle inventory audits often.
  • Perform announced and unannounced cash and inventory audits often.
  • Consider installing a closed circuit television (CCTV); it deters robbers since it provides a means for identifying them.
  
  
  
• Tips for Contractors

  
  

  Avoid Legal Hazards

  • Require written contracts for all work you perform. Retain copies of contracts for at least three years.
  • Have contracts and warranties reviewed by your attorney. Do not accept/assume responsibilities you are not familiar with.
  • If you hire subcontractors:
    • Have written contracts with subcontractors, with requirements for them to hold you harmless, indemnify, and defend you against any claim or liability arising from the performance of the contract.
    • Require each subcontractor to submit certificates of insurance for liability and workers' compensation coverage, prior to beginning a job. Certificates should show limits of liability (if applicable) at least equal to the limits of your policies, indicate a policy period covering the period(s) of time work will be conducted, and be kept on file for premium auditors.
  • If you are working as a subcontractor, specifically limit contractual agreements for you to hold the owner or general contractor harmless, indemnify, and defend them against any claim or liability arising from the performance of the contract, to the work you perform.
  • Have licensed professional engineers or architects design and/or approve project plans and specifications.
    
    Prevent Losses on the Job Site
  • Use employment applications and check references of prospective employees. (Applications available at most office supply stores.)
  • Provide written safety rules and enforce them! Safety rules should be based on OSHA, or other government agency safety requirements and accepted industry practices. Areas of particular concern are: Full Protection (Work at heights) Lock-Out / Tag-Out of Energy Sources Confined Space Entry Program Hazard Communication Program Personal Protective Equipment
  • Employees should have similar job experience, or be provided training in any job they may be assigned.
  • Assign responsibility for safety to a supervisor or foreman.
  • Hold regular safety meetings.
  • Conduct periodic safety inspections.
  • Review the safety practices of all subcontractors you have hired. Be sure they meet the same standards you have established.
  • Have a first aid kit available.
  • Post emergency phone numbers and have a phone available to summon help in the event of an emergency.
  • Have fully charged, easily accessible, portable fire extinguishers.
  • Provide protective equipment such as safety glasses, hearing protection and hard hats. Enforce their proper use!
  • Secure the job site! Fence the site to prevent vandalism and public access to hazardous areas. Control access to customers and their vendors. Provide lighting when possible.
  • Barricade work areas and provide warning signs near excavations and other hazards.
  • Secure equipment and materials left on the job site. Lock tools in boxes and secure large equipment with chains. Limit tools and materials left on the site as much as practical.
  • Store/handle hazardous materials properly. Protect containers from damage and secure tanks in an upright position. Use safety cans for gasoline and other flammable liquids.
  • Practice good housekeeping! Remove scrap and debris daily. Limit the accumulation of sawdust.
  • Follow precautions for welding and other hot work. Shield or wet combustible surfaces. End such operations at least 30 minutes before leaving the site unoccupied.
  • Temporary heating units should be UL/AGA approved. Follow manufacturer's suggested precautions and provide adequate clearance from combustible material.
  • Have procedures for reporting and investigating incidents and accidents. Lessons learned even from "near misses" may help to identify ways to avoid future accidents.
  • Require proper use of ladders and scaffolds.
  • Limit the exposure of adjacent properties to damage and comply with all building and environmental codes.
    
    
• Protect Your Business Liabilities

  
  You can minimize the impact liability losses have on your business by:

  • Committing to controlling losses - minimize your exposures by implementing procedures to identify hazards and handle them in the best feasible manner.
  • Maintaining good housekeeping of public access areas - ensure that all hallways, stairways, aisles and exits are free of clutter and obstructions.
  • Maintaining your premises:
    • Keep outside stairs, ramps, porches and other walkways well lit and in good repair as required by local building codes.
    • Ensure railings are securely mounted to walls or stairs.
    • Clearly mark and light all exits as required by local codes.
    • Maintain clean, dry and tidy walking surfaces.
    • Use floor mats or slip-retardant floor coverings at entrances, exits or other frequently wet areas.
    • Post appropriate signs warning of wet floors.
  • Creating safety procedures to control public access to attractions, such as swimming pools and work areas.
  • Ensuring that established quality control procedures are followed and checking the materials that you use.
    
    
• Minimize Property Losses

  
  While you can't prevent all property losses from occurring, you can minimize the severity of property losses by following these tips:

  • Commit to controlling losses. If problems arise, handle them quickly and completely.
  • Update electrical wiring, heating, plumbing and the roof at least every 20 to 25 years.
  • Maintain good housekeeping. Regularly remove dust, dirt and debris; properly and promptly handle and dispose of waste; and properly store supplies, especially those that are flammable.
  • Perform regular preventive maintenance on your buildings and equipment. Preventive maintenance will minimize losses and improve the efficiency and life of your buildings and equipment.
  • Maintain safety equipment such as emergency exit lighting, a fire alarm system and fire extinguishers.
  • Maintain an adequate number of extinguishers and train your employees on how to use them.
  • Install and maintain protective devices such as an automatic sprinkler system.
  
  
  
• Keep Your Employees Safe

  
  
  

  • Commit to controlling losses by developing an active safety committee to assist in discovering unsafe practices and providing solutions.
  • Implement a maintenance program to perform regular preventive maintenance on your hand tools and equipment.
  • Maintain good housekeeping practices to help reduce accidents and improve safety conditions within your workplace.
  • Make first-aid kits easily accessible to all employees and periodically inspect and replenish them.
  • Establish a training program for proper use of hand tools and equipment.
  • Perform regular safety inspections to make certain all machinery is in good working condition, including safeguards on all machinery.
  • Provide safety training sessions to ensure your employees recognize safety hazards and understand safe work practices, like safe lifting and materials handling to help reduce back injuries.
  • Provide your employees personal protective equipment and properly train them on how to use and maintain it.
  • Investigate all workplace incidents to find out the cause and to prevent similar incidents in the future.
    
    
• Parking Lot Liability and Controls

  
  

  Parking lot operations present significant liability exposures to the general public. Everyone in society has a duty to take reasonable care that his or her actions do not injure others. The same rule applies to business entities. Not providing proper controls in a parking lot can constitute negligence if a customer or member of the general public is injured as a result. The legal meaning of negligence is failure to exercise reasonable care.
  
  To assist with the reduction, elimination, and control of parking lot exposures, the following guidelines should be considered for effective liability risk management.
  
  Pedestrian Traffic

  • Sidewalks, ramps, and other pedestrian walkways should be safely designed and well maintained.
  • Potholes, broken and cracked pavement should be repaired promptly.
  • Trash and debris should be picked up and removed on a regular basis.
  • Poorly drained areas should be corrected.
  • Good illumination is essential.
  • Building gutters that discharge on walkways need to be redirected.
  • A snow and ice removal procedure needs to be in effect.
  • Any differences in height on walkways should be highlighted in yellow paint.
  • Make sure pedestrian walkways are free of dumpsters and other equipment.
  • Have an accident/incident reporting program in place.
    
    Vehicle Traffic
  • Parking surfaces should be marked to identify parking spaces and pedestrian crossings. -Entrances and exits must be clearly marked.
  • Parking spaces need to be wide enough to avoid damage to other parked vehicles.
  • Fixed objects such as gas meters, transformers, hydrants, etc. should have barrier protection to prevent them from damage by vehicles.
  • Parking lots should have a program of periodic inspections.
    
    Remember - always obtain certificates of insurance (COI) from any contractor doing any service or repair work on the parking lot. The required insurance limits should be equal to your own. These certificates should be kept on file, and updated as needed.
    
    
• Reduce Losses From Auto Accidents

  
  
  Auto accidents are costly because of the damage to your company's autos and to property of others and because of the damage caused from injuries, including lost work time.
  
  These simple suggestions may help you reduce losses from auto accidents: • Implement safe driving practices and procedures to help control your auto losses.

  • Allow only insured and qualified drivers with good driving records to operate your company’s vehicles.
  • Periodically review your drivers’ motor vehicle records to determine if additional training is necessary.
  • Create a driver training program, giving your drivers the knowledge and skills to safely drive your company’s vehicles.
  • Give your drivers a road test before they drive your company’s vehicles.
  • Provide an incentive program to encourage your drivers to drive safely.
  • Limit your drivers’ personal use of company vehicles.
  • Properly maintain your company’s vehicles.
  • Develop a required daily maintenance checklist for your drivers; giving you a written report of any problems and the opportunity to fix them.
  • Establish accident analysis procedures, helping management to determine the cause of accidents and to avoid future problems.
    
    
• Winter Protection for Your Builiding And Business

  
  

  Severe winter weather can cause many problems. Winter weather can arrive in many forms: snow, ice, rain, blizzards, and high winds. Many times it is a combination of any of these. Properly preparing for winter weather can reduce the possibility of a loss to your building or your business.
  
  The following points should be checked prior to and/or during severe winter weather to prevent winter losses:
  
  Building Structure and Equipment

  • Arrangements made for snow removal from driveways, sidewalks and walkways
  • Snow removal equipment in good condition
  • All openings weather tight, insulation adequate, roof drains open
  • Idle equipment (air tanks, lines, etc.) drained, lubricated as needed
  • Excessive snow loads removed from roofs to prevent collapse
  • Building temperatures monitored frequently especially at night or on particularly cold weather
  • Make sure any equipment containing water, or has water in it or running through it, is properly drained
  • Accumulations of ice, snow cleared from hydrants, driveways, sprinkler control valves, hose cabinets and other essential equipment to allow effective fire suppression
    
    Protective Systems
  • All areas with wet pipe sprinklers, dry pipe valve enclosures and pump houses adequately heated
  • Anti-freeze solutions in systems checked for proper concentration
  • Fire department connection and fire hose properly drained
  • All areas of the building heated sufficiently to prevent sprinkler system from freezing
    
    Heating Equipment
  • Insulation on piping adequate and in good condition to prevent freezing
  • All heating equipment in good repair and properly maintained
  • Chimneys, smoke pipes, and flues in good condition and cleaned
  • Adequate clearance to combustible building materials, stock, etc
    
    Fire Extinguishers
  • All units properly charged and serviced
  • Fire extinguishers protected from the cold
  • Extinguishers clear and unobstructed F 099 05-08
    
    Snow Removal By Sub-Contractors
  • Obtain certificates of insurance, check for adequate insurance limits
  • If possible, name company as an additional insured under the subs’ insurance policy
  • Determine exactly the services they will provide
  • Decide on when they will respond (certain amount of snowfall, predetermined time)
  • Determine best placement of snow by the sub-contractor
    
    Emergency Preparedness Program
  • Employees notified of emergency closing (phone tree, radio)
  • Plan in place to maintain necessary business and building functions
  • Essential personnel designated to remain in building
    
    Remember to always inspect your building, equipment, and grounds after a storm. Look for damage and initiate repairs as soon as possible to prevent any further damage. Evaluate your winter storm procedures to see if they were successful, and accomplished everything anticipated. If not, make the necessary changes. We can't do anything about the weather, but we can take steps to prepare for it.
    
    

Helpful Insurance Tips

• Facts about Alcohol and Boating

  
  

  • Most boating fatalities are caused by accidental falls from boats. A person's sense of balance is impaired by alcohol. Noise, vibration, sun glare and wind increase the susceptibility to the effects of alcohol. Contrary to popular belief, it is not safe to drink beer while boating; one 12-ounce beer contains the same amount of alcohol as 1 ounce of 86-proof liquor.
  • Alcohol is present in the systems of half of all drowning victims. At a blood alcohol level of .05, your reaction times are slowed, inhibitions begin to break down and judgment is impaired. It takes about seven hours to detoxify from legally drunk (0.10 blood alcohol, but varies by state) to sober (0.00).
    
    
• What should I do if I am involved in an auto accident?

  
  
  

  1. Do Not move the vehicles unless there is a potential for the cause of further accidents
     
  2. Assist the injured and call the local police so as to document the incident.
     
  3. Be sure to take control of the accident-reporting process to the responding officer. Document the date, time, and any witness information.
     
  4. Be sure to obtain the following information:
     • Driver's name, address & phone number
     • Driver's license plate number
     • Name of insurance company & policy for all vehicles
     • Driver's license information
     • Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
     • Make, model, year & color of vehicle
     • Police report or incident report number
  5. Do Not discuss whether you are injured, since some injuries do not manifest until days-weeks later.
     
  6. Do Not admit liability OR apologize at the scene of the accident.
     
  7. Get to a hospital emergency room to be examined.
     
  8. Contact your own choice of physician for medical follow-up, as soon as possible.
     
  9. Report the accident to the insurance companies, as soon as possible.
     
     
• Save Money on Homeowners Insurance

  
  
  

  • Raise your deductible. Your deductible is the amount of money you will pay to cover a loss before your insurance takes over. The higher your deductible, the lower your premium. If you raise your deductible from $250 to $500, for example, you will need to make sure you can afford to pay for a loss up to $500. If you increase your deductible to as much as you can afford, you will reduce the possibility of making smaller claims and reserve your insurance coverage for catastrophic losses.
  • Get a multi-policy discount. You may be able to get a discount if you insure your home and your car with the same company. Your agent can help you determine if you would save money by trusting your auto and home insurance to one company.
  • Consider insurance when buying a home. If you are thinking about buying a new home, consider the cost of insurance. A newer home most likely will have electrical, heating and plumbing systems that are in better condition than an older home, which may qualify you for additional discounts. How close the home is to fire service and hydrants also can affect the cost of your insurance.
  • Be safe. You can receive discounts for having safety features in your home, including smoke detectors, deadbolts, fire extinguishers and security systems.
  • Be a loyal customer. If you stay with the same insurance company over time, you may receive special consideration. Many insurance companies offer discounts for three, five and 10 years of continuous coverage.
• Save Money on Car Insurance

  
  
  

  • Raise your deductible. Your deductible is the amount of money you will pay to cover a loss before your insurance takes over. You may be able to reduce your premiums if you shoulder the smaller losses.
  • Choose the right car. Insurance premiums are usually higher for luxury, sport and four-wheel drive models because of repair costs and auto theft experience. Characteristics such as vehicle size, weight and body type (two-door vs. four, convertible, etc.) play a role in determining premiums.
  • Ask about discounts. Many companies offer a multiple-car discount or one for carrying homeowners or another type of insurance with them. Some provide good student discounts or a credit if a young driver is away at school more than 100 miles, with or without a car. Some companies also provide discounts for safety equipment or devices.
  • Drive defensively. An at-fault accident or major traffic violation can affect future premiums.
  • Double-check how and where you park. Often the cost of vandalism and auto theft is overlooked.
  • Avoid filing excessive or fraudulent claims. The more claims you file, especially small ones that you can cover yourself, the greater the likelihood that future premiums will reflect this. Padding insurance claims negatively affects the premiums you pay.